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以小麦全生育期及地表全膜覆盖、膜上覆土、一膜连用、穴播为特点的全膜覆土免耕穴播栽培技术,是一项全新的旱作增产措施。本研究设计二因素四水平四重复随机区组试验,从不同密度下产量及其相关因子的层面,对其增产机理进行研究,以期为大面积推广提供技术支撑和理论指导。结果表明,全膜技术可以显著改变冬小麦生育进程,播种期可推迟10～15d,促使提前返青和成熟,提高越冬前壮苗率,对农艺性状变化具有明显的正效应;大幅增加产量,增产率较CK高22.79%～34.73%,净产量增加1304.11kg/hm2～1715.16kg/hm2;10粒/穴密度能够达到最高7055.10kg/hm2,产量的大幅提高获益于诸因子的综合效应,特别是群体、有效分蘖数、有效小穗数、穗粒数和容重的显著增加。全膜对各性状和产量因子的效应,随种植密度的不同而存在差异,8～10粒/穴密度可以最大化地利用该技术挖掘产量潜力、提高相关因子的生产能力,防止倒伏和后期脱肥早衰;密度小于该范围不利于群体增加,大于它则易于倒伏、脱肥,养分偏耗严重,造成减产。结论:该技术在降雨量小于500mm的雨养旱地农业冬小麦区,能够达到积蓄无效降水、提升深层水分、提高水分利用效率、前期增加地表温度后期有效降温,可以挖掘品种产量潜力、提供优良生长环境等作用,有益于各因子的协调生长,从而大幅增加产量。
Full-term wheat cover and cover the entire surface of the film, the film covered with soil, a film with the hole-sowing all-film mulch no-till sowing cultivation techniques, is a new dry production measures. In this study, quadruple-quadruple randomized block design of two factors and four levels was designed to study the mechanism of yield increase at different densities of yield and its related factors in order to provide technical support and theoretical guidance for large-scale popularization. The results showed that the full-film technique could significantly change the growth of winter wheat, and the sowing date could be postponed for 10-15 days, which led to the early greening and maturity, and the strong seedling growth before winter, which had a significant positive effect on agronomic traits. The yield and yield Which is 22.79% ~ 34.73% higher than CK and 1304.11kg / hm2 ~ 1715.16kg / hm2 in net yield. The density of 10 grains per hole can reach the highest 7055.10kg / hm2. The substantial increase of yield benefits from the comprehensive effect of various factors, especially Population, effective tiller number, number of effective spikelets, grains per spike and bulk density increased significantly. The effects of total film on the traits and yield factors vary with the planting density. The maximum yield of 8-10 seeds per hole can be exploited to tap the yield potential, increase the production capacity of related factors, Fertility premature aging; density is less than the range is not conducive to population increase, more than it is easy to lodging, fattening, nutrient partiality serious, resulting in reduced production. Conclusion: This technology can achieve ineffective precipitation, enhance deep water and improve water use efficiency in rain-fed dry-land agriculture winter wheat with rainfall less than 500mm. In the early stage, the surface temperature can be effectively cooled after increasing surface temperature, which can tap the yield potential of varieties and provide an excellent growth environment And so on, is conducive to the coordinated growth of various factors, thereby significantly increasing production.