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〔关键词〕 动词不定式；复合结构；句法
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 Ｃ
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2008）03（Ａ）—00５9—０1
动词不定式的句法作用
由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，所以它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1. 作主语
First of all，to understand the teacher wasn’t easy when she talked.
但在多数情况下，特别是在口语中，常常用it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句中后部去，这样使句子显得比较平稳。It叫做形式主语，不定式叫做真正主语，故上句可改为：
First of all，it wasn’t easy to understand the teacher when she talked.
某些表示人的品行的形容词（如kind，good，nice，wrong，careless，wise，foolish，polite，clever，right， unwise，stupid，thoughtful，rude，silly，impolite）作表语时，不定式前常可用of引起的短语，即“be+形容词+of+名词（或代词宾格）＋不定式”。如：
It is very kind of you to help me.
2. 作表语
Her wish is to become a pop singer.
3. 作宾语
I want to be a teacher when I’m older.
能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want，like，wish，hate，prefer，hope，try，ask，offer，start，forget，remember，decide，agree，choose，promise，expect等。
另外，在一些复合宾语中，常用it代表不定式，作形式宾语，把不定式放在后面。如：
I find it interesting to study English.
4. 作定语
I have a lot of work to do.
不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系。因此，如果这个不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：
There is nothing to think about.
We use pens to write with.
5. 作状语
不定式作状语可以修饰动词，表示目的、结果或原因等。
（1）表示目的
She uses a computer to write articles.
不定式作目的状语时，常用“so as to 或in order to+动词原形”来表示。如：
I decided to work harder in order(so as)to catch up with the others.
To catch the first bus，I have to get up early.
（2）表示结果
What have I said to make you unhappy？
不定式表示结果更常见于下列搭配：
a）so+形容词+as to …；such（…）as to …
We are not such fools as to believe him.
b）…enough（for sb. to）…
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
c）too…to…
He is too young to go to school.
d）only to…（常表示未曾料到的结果）
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
（3）表示原因
I’m glad to hear news.
动词不定式的复合结构
不定式可以和名词（或代词）构成复合结构，作动词的宾语，不定式作宾语补足语。
Would you like us to play basketball with you？
Mother told me to come back early.
常带不定式作宾语补足的动词有：ask，tell，invite，force，advise，get，beg，allow，help，want，wish，like，hope，order，expect，encourage，hate等。
但在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel，listen to，look at等动词后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to。在help后不定式可以带to，也可以不带to.如：
The boss made the workers work day and night.
I would have him wait for me.
Did you notice anyone come in?
I often hear her sing in the next room.
My English teacher often helps me（to）learn English.
但这类动词转为被动语态时，不定式符号to须保留。如：
He was seen to enter the room.
有些动词后面常跟“to be+形容词”构成复合结构，如：think，consider，believe，suppose，know，find，understand，prove，imagine。
I considered the work to be very important.
We proved these facts to be correct.
但有个别动词（如 think，consider，find）后面可省略to be，直接跟形容词。如：
I think her rather clever.
We found the idea very good.
我们也可以把这种结构看作形容词作宾语补足语。
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 Ｃ
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2008）03（Ａ）—00５9—０1
动词不定式的句法作用
由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，所以它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1. 作主语
First of all，to understand the teacher wasn’t easy when she talked.
但在多数情况下，特别是在口语中，常常用it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句中后部去，这样使句子显得比较平稳。It叫做形式主语，不定式叫做真正主语，故上句可改为：
First of all，it wasn’t easy to understand the teacher when she talked.
某些表示人的品行的形容词（如kind，good，nice，wrong，careless，wise，foolish，polite，clever，right， unwise，stupid，thoughtful，rude，silly，impolite）作表语时，不定式前常可用of引起的短语，即“be+形容词+of+名词（或代词宾格）＋不定式”。如：
It is very kind of you to help me.
2. 作表语
Her wish is to become a pop singer.
3. 作宾语
I want to be a teacher when I’m older.
能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want，like，wish，hate，prefer，hope，try，ask，offer，start，forget，remember，decide，agree，choose，promise，expect等。
另外，在一些复合宾语中，常用it代表不定式，作形式宾语，把不定式放在后面。如：
I find it interesting to study English.
4. 作定语
I have a lot of work to do.
不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系。因此，如果这个不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：
There is nothing to think about.
We use pens to write with.
5. 作状语
不定式作状语可以修饰动词，表示目的、结果或原因等。
（1）表示目的
She uses a computer to write articles.
不定式作目的状语时，常用“so as to 或in order to+动词原形”来表示。如：
I decided to work harder in order(so as)to catch up with the others.
To catch the first bus，I have to get up early.
（2）表示结果
What have I said to make you unhappy？
不定式表示结果更常见于下列搭配：
a）so+形容词+as to …；such（…）as to …
We are not such fools as to believe him.
b）…enough（for sb. to）…
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
c）too…to…
He is too young to go to school.
d）only to…（常表示未曾料到的结果）
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
（3）表示原因
I’m glad to hear news.
动词不定式的复合结构
不定式可以和名词（或代词）构成复合结构，作动词的宾语，不定式作宾语补足语。
Would you like us to play basketball with you？
Mother told me to come back early.
常带不定式作宾语补足的动词有：ask，tell，invite，force，advise，get，beg，allow，help，want，wish，like，hope，order，expect，encourage，hate等。
但在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel，listen to，look at等动词后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to。在help后不定式可以带to，也可以不带to.如：
The boss made the workers work day and night.
I would have him wait for me.
Did you notice anyone come in?
I often hear her sing in the next room.
My English teacher often helps me（to）learn English.
但这类动词转为被动语态时，不定式符号to须保留。如：
He was seen to enter the room.
有些动词后面常跟“to be+形容词”构成复合结构，如：think，consider，believe，suppose，know，find，understand，prove，imagine。
I considered the work to be very important.
We proved these facts to be correct.
但有个别动词（如 think，consider，find）后面可省略to be，直接跟形容词。如：
I think her rather clever.
We found the idea very good.
我们也可以把这种结构看作形容词作宾语补足语。