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痴呆是影响老年人健康以及生活质量的重大疾病,其表现不仅包括记忆、语言、视空间及执行功能障碍等,还可伴有精神行为异常,导致日常生活能力下降给社会和家庭带来巨大的负担。目前尚无治愈痴呆的药物,痴呆的早期临床诊断和个性化的护理干预不但可以延缓病情发展并且能减轻患者经济负担。发达国家和地区已建立了痴呆患者一体化管理体系同时注重照料者的躯体健康及心理干预,以缓解照顾者照顾压力及焦虑抑郁情绪,提高照顾者的身心健康。本文对国内外痴呆老人护理模式及照料资源做以下综述,为我国创建痴呆老人综合管理提供依据。
Dementia is a serious disease affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly. Its manifestations include not only memory, language, visual space and executive dysfunction, but also mental and behavioral abnormalities, which lead to the degeneration of daily living and bring huge social and family burden. There is currently no cure for dementia, early clinical diagnosis of dementia and personalized nursing intervention can not only delay the progression of the disease and reduce the financial burden on patients. Developed countries and regions have established an integrated management system for patients with dementia while paying attention to physical health and psychological intervention of caregivers to alleviate the caregivers’ anxiety and depression, and improve the physical and mental health of caregivers. This article reviews the domestic and international dementia care model and care resources for the elderly to provide the basis for the comprehensive management of dementia.