全球草莓起源中心为亚洲、南北美和欧洲。起源于亚洲的有2倍体的林丛莓,西藏莓淡味莓、锡金莓,4倍体的东方莓、西南(山地)莓、五叶莓和纤细莓,其中林从莓有若干亚种和变种,分布较广。南北美起源的有8倍体的深红莓、智利莓和椭园莓。欧洲起原的有2倍体的短蔓和6倍体的麝香莓等。在以英、法、荷为中心的西欧诸国,十六世纪末先后从北美引进深红莓和从南美引进智利莓。从其杂交材料中首次选出世界凤梨莓(F.ananassa Duck.)又以此与欧洲起源的野生草莓进行反复正反杂交,选育出葛氏种生等较多的欧洲栽培品种。美国十七世纪末开始在从西欧引进具深红莓和智利莓的亲缘品种中,选出哈维和霍华德,以此与美洲起源的野生草莓进行正反杂交,其后代成为美国草莓栽培品种的基础,至今美国草莓品种之多,在世界名列前茅。日本多数品种具福羽和费尔法克斯草莓两大亲缘属系。前者能在较高温度和稍长日照条件下形成花芽,且休眠期短,属于保护地和在南方栽培的生态型品种群,后者在低温和短日环境下分化花芽,且休眠期长,适北方和露地栽培的生态型品种。还有两者中间生态型的宝交早生等品种,其栽培地理纬度和栽培形式广,属万能栽培品种生态型。近半个世纪以来西方诸国对草莓品种的选育,除重视抗性和经济性状外,趋向产品耐冷藏、耐运输、适做加工原料的方向发展。而日本除重视选大果、果色鲜艳、适鲜食和抗性外更着重品种的花芽分化和休眠生理生态与栽培形式相结合,向发挥其品种的生产潜力,延长收获季节的方向发展。就世界草莓栽培面及品种的分布,在欧洲广栽姆托、森加森加纳、普拉德克等。在美国以西北、布莱克莫尔、佛罗里达奈特为多。日本栽培面积最广的为宝交早生、丽红、幸玉和达娜等。我国草莓栽培品种多来自欧、美、目诸国,经百年来在我国各地长期栽培和相互引种,已形成各地的地方名种,并习以果形命名,如鸡心、鸡冠、扇子面等。至今栽培品种少,且缺乏整理鉴定。但就野生种以我国最富饶,可作草莓新品种的遗传基因,培育自己的品种和丰富全球的草莓新品种,乃属珍贵的资源。对此将有待于开发和利用。 The global strawberry origin centers in Asia, North and South America and Europe. Originated in Asia, there are 2 species of forest jungle raspberry, raspberry, raspberry, raspberry, tetraploid oriental raspberry, southwest (mountain) raspberry, raspberry and slender raspberry, which raspberry has several subspecies and varieties , Wider distribution. Originated from North and South America have 8 times the body of deep red raspberry, Chilean raspberry and oval raspberry. European origin of 2 times the body of short and 6 times the body musk raspberry and so on. In Western Europe, the center of Britain, France and the Netherlands, the late sixteenth century imported raspberry from North America and Chile from South America. For the first time, F.ananassa Duck. Was selected from its hybrids and crossed back and forth with wild strawberry of European origin to breed more European cultivars with more germination. At the end of the 17th century, the United States began to cross-breed wild strawberries originated in the Americas by selecting Harvey and Howard from their relatives who introduced them from Western Europe. Their offspring became the basis of strawberry cultivars in the United States, As many as the United States strawberry varieties, among the best in the world. Most Japanese species Feiyu and Fairfax Strawberry two relatives. The former can form flower buds at higher temperature and slightly longer sunshine conditions, and the dormancy period is short, belonging to the protected area and the ecotypes cultivated in the south. The latter differentiates the flower buds in low temperature and short day, and the dormant period is long, Suitable for the northern and open cultivation of ecological varieties. There are two kinds of eco-type Baojiao middle and early breed and other varieties, the cultivation of geographical latitude and wide range of cultivated forms, is a universal cultivars ecotype. Nearly half a century since the western countries of strawberry varieties breeding, in addition to emphasis on resistance and economic traits, the trend of cold-resistant products, transport resistance, suitable for processing raw materials in the direction. Japan, in addition to emphasizing the selection of large fruit, fresh fruit, fresh food and resistance more emphasis on species differentiation and dormancy and physiological and ecological cultivation form, combined to play its variety of production potential and extend the direction of the harvest season. On the distribution of strawberries and cultivars in the world, it is widely cultivated in Europe, such as Senat Sengana, Pradeck and others. In the United States to the northwest, Blackmore, Knight Florida as much. The most widely cultivated area in Japan is Baojiao Zaosheng, Lihong, Fortune Jade and Dana. Strawberry cultivars in our country come from Europe, the United States and the United States. After a long period of cultivation and introduction in different parts of our country, we have formed a variety of local delicacies and learned the fruit-shaped names such as chicken heart, cockscomb, fan noodles and so on. To date cultivated varieties less, and the lack of finishing identification. However, it is a precious resource for wild species to use our country’s richest gene and can be used as a genetic marker for new strawberry varieties to cultivate their own varieties and enrich the global strawberry varieties. This will need to be developed and utilized.