目的　观察青蒿琥酯与吡喹酮先、后使用早期治疗兔血吸虫病的效果。方法　实验共分 4组 ,第 1组于感染后第 7天首服青蒿琥酯 ,第 3 5天再服吡喹酮 ,剂量分别为 2 0 m g/ kg和 40 m g/ kg。第 2组为单青蒿琥酯组 ,于感染后第 7天首服青蒿琥酯 ,剂量为 2 0 m g/ kg,每周服 1次 ,连服 4次。第 3组为单用吡喹酮组 ,于感染后第 3 5天顿服吡喹酮 ,剂量为 40 m g/ kg。第 4组为不服药对照组。各组于停药后 4周解剖 ,检获成虫 ,比较各组的减虫率、减雌率和肝脏变化。结果　以感染后第 7天首服青蒿琥酯 ,第 3 5天再服吡喹酮的效果最好 ,减虫率为 97.88%、减雌率达 98.63 % ,6只兔中有 2只无虫。单青蒿琥酯和单吡喹酮两组的减虫率分别为 94.3 2 %和 71.67% ,减雌率为 96.14%和80 .75 %。结论　青蒿琥酯与吡喹酮先、后用药组明显优于吡喹酮组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,但与青蒿琥酯组比较差异不显著 ,然而缩短了疗程 ,减少了费用 ,便于现场使用 Objective To observe the effect of artesunate and praziquantel on the early treatment of schistosomiasis in rabbits. Methods The experiment was divided into 4 groups. In group 1, artesunate was first served on the 7th day after infection and praziquantel was administered on the 35th day. The doses were 20 mg / kg and 40 mg / kg, respectively. The second group was artesunate group. Artesunate was first served on the 7th day after infection at the dose of 20 mg / kg once a week for 4 times. Group 3 was praziquantel alone, and praziquantel was dosed on day 35 post-infection at a dose of 40 mg / kg. The fourth group is not taking medicine control group. All groups were dissected 4 weeks after drug withdrawal and adult worms were harvested to compare the worm reduction rate, the reduction rate and the liver changes in each group. The results showed that artesunate was first served on the 7th day after infection and praziquantel was best taken on the 35th day after infection. The worm reduction rate was 97.88%, the reduction rate was 98.63%, and 2 of 6 rabbits insect. The worm reduction rates of artesunate alone and praziquantel were 94.3 2% and 71.67%, respectively, and the reduction rates were 96.14% and 80.75%, respectively. Conclusions Artesunate and praziquantel are better than praziquantel group before and after treatment, but there is no significant difference between artesunate and praziquantel, but the treatment time is shortened and costs are reduced , Easy to use on site