【摘 要】
：
白头鹤(Grus monacha)是我国长江中下游湿地的越冬水鸟,湿地退化导致栖息地逐渐丧失,影响越冬种群的稳定,开展种群遗传结构研究对越冬白头鹤的有效保护具有积极意义.本研究共
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白头鹤(Grus monacha)是我国长江中下游湿地的越冬水鸟,湿地退化导致栖息地逐渐丧失,影响越冬种群的稳定,开展种群遗传结构研究对越冬白头鹤的有效保护具有积极意义.本研究共采集安徽菜子湖、升金湖、江西鄱阳湖、上海崇明东滩4个白头鹤越冬地粪便样品221份、羽毛样品9份和肌肉样品4份,从中获得了72份样品的mtDNA控制区(D-loop) 1103-1104 bp序列.结合从GenBank获得的两个来自日本的白头鹤个体序列(GenBankAB017625、AB023813),对越冬种群进行了遗传结构分析.长江中下游4个越冬种群共发现26个变异位点,定义了23种单倍型.遗传多样性分析结果显示,白头鹤单倍型多样性(h)为0.823±0.042,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00157±0.00021.各个种群FST值表明我国长江中下游各种群之间无显著的遗传分化.两种中性检验(Tajimas D=-2.10951,p＜0.05；FusFS=-19.351,p＜0.01)分析结果表明,白头鹤在进化史上可能经历了种群扩张.
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