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本文给出了当前的选择:(1)永远增加数量甚多的低地球轨道 (LEO)人造卫星星群的个数,这些卫星是分别用于商业和军事的全球覆盖系统;或(2)另一个方案是采用数量较少的地球同步卫星系统;这些卫星星群处于高地球轨道上(HEO),当然其成本和复杂性都较高。另外,大量商业通讯和军用工作卫星系统的设计师正在研究第三种方案的潜在优点和工作结果,这就是处于LEO和HEO之间的中等地球轨道(MEO)高度的人造卫星系统。在这些MEO轨道高度上,总剂量和位移损伤两方面的缺点能被所需卫星数量很少的优点所取代。随着实时地球观察卫星传感器系统对高带宽通信需要的不断增加,以及美国航空航天局在应力辐射环境中对星际空间和深层空间进行无人飞行探测的增加,美国喷气推进实验室(JPL)正在研制和发展下一代灵巧的传感器,以便着手解决这些新的要求:低成本、高带宽、小型化、超低功率,以及飞行环境中的牢固性。对于辐射加固/可容许的受控像元传感器CMOS成像仪来说,它能被适当地开一个窗口,从而具有低功率、芯片控制、定时、数字化输出、数据通道高效地压缩在芯片上等功能,高带宽光学通讯线路正在被设计和调研,用来对光学/混合结构的成像系统减少体积、减轻重量和降低成本。
This paper presents the current options: (1) to permanently increase the number of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations that are used for commercial and military global coverage systems, respectively; or (2) One option is the use of a smaller number of geosynchronous satellite systems; these are in high Earth orbit (HEO), although of course more costly and complex. In addition, designers of numerous commercial communications and military work satellite systems are studying the potential benefits and results of the third scenario, which is a Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) altitude satellite system between LEO and HEO. At these MEO orbital heights, the disadvantages of both total dose and displacement damage can be replaced by the advantage of requiring a small number of satellites. With the increasing need for high-bandwidth communications for real-time Earth observation satellite sensor systems and NASA’s unmanned aerial detection of interstellar and deep space in stress radiation environments, the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is Develop and develop the next generation of smart sensors to address these new requirements: low cost, high bandwidth, miniaturization, ultra-low power, and robustness in flight. For radiative reinforcement / tolerable controlled pixel CMOS imager, it can be properly opened a window, so that it has low power, chip control, timing, digital output, the data channel efficient compression on the chip and other functions High-bandwidth optical communication lines are being designed and investigated to reduce the size, weight and cost of an optical / hybrid imaging system.