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大环内酯类抗生素是由链霉菌产生的弱碱性抗生素,因分子中含有一个内酯结构的14或16元环而得名。红霉素是本类药物的典型代表,从1952年开始使用以来,一直是这类药物的首选药。大环内酯类抗生素作用于细菌细胞核糖蛋白体50s亚单位,阻碍细菌蛋白质合成,属于生长期抑制剂。本类药物的抗菌谱主要为革兰阳性菌及某些革兰阴性球菌,包括葡萄球菌、粪链球菌、脑膜炎球菌、炭疽杆菌、淋球菌、白喉杆菌、百日咳杆菌、产气梭状芽胞杆菌、布氏杆菌、弯曲杆菌、军团菌、钩端螺旋体、肺炎支原体、立克次体和衣原体等。
Macrolide antibiotics are weakly basic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces, named after the molecule contains a 14- or 16-membered ring with a lactone structure. Erythromycin is a typical representative of this class of drugs, since its inception in 1952, has been the drug of choice for these drugs. Macrolide antibiotics act on the bacterial cell nuclear glycoprotein 50s subunit, hinder bacterial protein synthesis, are growth-stage inhibitors. The antibacterial spectrum of these drugs are mainly Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative cocci, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, meningococcus, Bacillus anthracis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, diphtheria bacillus, Bordetella pertussis, Clostridium gaspeus , Brucella, Campylobacter, Legionella, Leptospira, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia and Chlamydia.