Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis but might induce peripheral neuropathy.This major adverse reaction has attracted much concern.The current study aimed to observe the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy among ankylosing spondylitis patients for 1 year after treatment.In this study,207 ankylosing spondylitis cases received thalidomide treatment,while 116 ankylosing spondylitis cases received other treatments.Results showed that the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy in the thalidomide group was higher than that in the non-thalidomide group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of neuropathy between the < 6 months medication and ≥ 6 months medication groups.There were no differences in the mean age,gender,or daily dose between the two groups.The incidence of peripheral neuropathy among patients receiving 25,50,75,or 100 mg thalidomide per day was 4.6%,8.5%,17.1%,21.7%,respectively.The incidence was significantly different between the groups receiving 25 mg and 100 mg thalidomide.In conclusion,thalidomide can induce peripheral neuropathy within 1 year after treatment of ankylosing spondylitis;however,age and gender have no obvious impact on the incidence of peripheral neuropathy.The incidence of peripheral neuropathy is associated with increasing daily doses of thalidomide. Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis but might induce peripheral neuropathy. The major adverse reaction has attracted more concern. The current study aimed to observe the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy among ankylosing spondylitis patients for 1 year after treatment. In this study, 207 ankylosing spondylitis cases received thalidomide treatment, while 116 ankylosing spondylitis cases received other treatments. Results showed that the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy in the thalidomide group was higher than that in the non-thalidomide group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of neuropathy between the <6 months medication and ≥ 6 months medication groups. Yet were no differences in the mean age, gender, or daily dose between the two groups. incidence of peripheral neuropathy among patients receiving 25,50 , 75, or 100 mg thalidomide per day was 4.6%, 8.5%, 17.1%, 21.7% respectively. However, age and gender have no obvious impact on the incidence of peripheral neuropathy.The incidence of peripheral neuropathy. of peripheral neuropathy is associated with increasing daily doses of thalidomide.