肾结核起病较隐匿 ,发展缓慢 ,血源性肾结核从开始侵犯肾小球到出现临床症状可潜伏 8～ 4 0年[1] 。近年来 ,肾结核的发病率呈上升趋势 ,且不典型病例增多。如不提高警惕 ,容易延误诊治。 1997年 12月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月 ,我院收治首诊误诊的肾结核患者 12例 ,现就其误诊原因分析 Kidney tuberculosis onset is more hidden, the development of slow, blood-borne renal tuberculosis from the beginning of invasion of glomerular to clinical symptoms can be latent for 8 to 40 years [1]. In recent years, the incidence of renal tuberculosis is on the rise, and an increase of atypical cases. Without vigilance, easy to delay diagnosis and treatment. From December 1997 to January 2002, 12 cases of renal tuberculosis patients who were misdiagnosed as the first diagnosis in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively