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《孝经》自战国中期成书以来,一直为传统社会所重视,行孝成为修德之大者。《孝经》展现出完整的德性思想体系,所言孝道形上形下两面兼说,使道德行为紧扣其形上根源而不失修德行善的动力。「最高理型」的「孝」表示纯粹的道德价值,这是一个文化体系的价值根源。「次级理型」的「孝」表现为道德价值的「方向」(信念),关联于具体的文化内容则为「敬」。「敬」体现孝道的基本特质,故「孝敬」连言。孝之事行虽异,但孝之理却相同;孝行发乎本心,纯粹不杂,则孝之理与孝之行一体无间。「孝」由一身开始,而及于家国天下,由至诚无私的「敬」心贯串其中,而后为孝道之大成。至于行孝可保富贵等思想,则反映了德福一致的人心大愿。
The Book of Filial Piety has always attached importance to the traditional society since it was written in the middle of the Warring States Period. The Book of Filial Piety shows a complete system of virtue and morality. The filial piety and the two sides say filial piety and morality are rooted in its shape without losing the driving force of good practice. The “filial piety” of “highest theoretical form” means pure moral value, which is the root of value of a cultural system. The “filial piety” of “subtyping type” manifests itself as the “direction” (belief) of moral values and the “respect” as it relates to specific cultural contents. “Respect” reflects the basic characteristics of filial piety, so “honor” with words. Although filial piety is different, but the reason of filial piety is the same; filial piety sends the heart, is not purely mixed, then filial piety and filial piety of one line. “Filial piety” begins with one, and in the world of the family, it is followed by a heartfelt “respect” heart, then a culmination of filial piety. As for the idea of filial piety to protect the rich, it reflects the great wish of the people who share the same virtue.