目的探讨影响毛细支气管炎患儿临床严重程度的相关因素。方法统计分析904例毛细支气管炎住院患儿的年龄、性别、出生体质量、发病季节、肥胖情况、病情轻重、临床表现、病原及过敏原检测、胸部X线检查、哮喘家族史、湿疹史、喂养方式、先天性心脏病、农村居住环境和住院天数等资料。按病情严重程度将住院的毛细支气管炎患儿分为轻型和重型二组,进行组间单因素比较,采用BinaryLogistic回归分析方法对影响毛细支气管炎病情的各项因素进行相关性分析。结果1.住院的毛细支气管炎患儿中,肥胖者占56%(506/904例)。2.住院患儿904例病原检出率为78.3%,其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)占43.5%,人类巨细胞病毒(CMV)占47.6%,柯萨奇病毒(CBV)占7.9%,肺炎支原体(MP)占1.8%,腺病毒(ADV)占1.7%,EB病毒(EBV)占0.15%。3.轻、重型毛细支气管炎二组患病年龄、病原构成、出生体质量、农村居住环境、住院天数、伴先天性心脏病等因素比较有统计学差异(χ2=3.47,19.62,2.32,2.61,-4.71,69.23P=0.001,0.006,0.02,0,0,0)。重型毛细支气管炎与患病年龄、出生体质量、伴先天性心脏病、农村居住环境和住院天数的优势比有统计学意义(OR=0.840,0.542,15.412,5.305,1.173P=0.0133,0.0497,0.0003,0,0.0002)。结论1.毛细支气管炎患儿多有肥胖;2.除RSV外,CMV、CBV、ADV、MP和EBV均可引起毛细支气管炎。3.小月龄、低出生体质量、先天性心脏病和农村居住是发生重型毛细支气管炎的危险因素;住院时间可用于衡量毛细支气管炎的严重程度。 Objective To investigate the related factors that affect the clinical severity of children with bronchiolitis. Methods The age, gender, birth weight, season of onset, obesity, severity of illness, clinical manifestation, pathogen and allergen test, chest X-ray examination, family history of asthma, history of eczema, Feeding methods, congenital heart disease, rural living environment and hospital days and other information. The children with bronchiolitis were divided into two groups: light and heavy according to the severity of the disease, and single-factor comparison was made between groups. BinaryLogistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations among the factors that affected the prevalence of bronchiolitis. Results 1. In hospitalized children with bronchiolitis, obesity accounted for 56% (506/904 cases). The detection rate of 904 cases of inpatients was 78.3%, of which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounted for 43.5%, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) accounted for 47.6%, coxsackievirus (CBV) accounted for 7.9%, pneumonia Mycoplasma (MP) accounted for 1.8%, adenovirus (ADV) accounted for 1.7%, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) accounted for 0.15%. The age, pathogen composition, birth weight, rural living environment, length of hospital stay, congenital heart disease and other factors were statistically different between the two groups (χ2 = 3.47,19.62,2.32,2.61 , -4.71, 69.23P = 0.001, 0.006, 0.02, 0,0, 0). The prevalence of severe bronchiolitis was significantly higher than that of age, birth weight, congenital heart disease, rural living environment and hospital stay (OR = 0.840,0.542,15.412,5.305,1.173P = 0.0133,0.0497, 0.0003, 0, 0.0002). Conclusion 1. Children with bronchiolitis more obesity; 2. In addition to RSV, CMV, CBV, ADV, MP and EBV can cause bronchiolitis. 3. Small age, low birth weight, congenital heart disease and rural residency are risk factors for severe bronchiolitis. Length of stay can be used to measure the severity of bronchiolitis.