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目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)儿童的视觉机能特征。方法采用本顿视觉保持测验(Bentonvisualretentiontest,BVRT)、连线测验(TrailMakingTest,TMT)及符号-数字模式测验(Symbol-DigitModalitiesTest,SDMT)3种方法,分别测试50例ADHD儿童和50例正常儿童的视知觉、视觉记忆、视空间结构、视觉运动注意和视觉扫描等。结果①ADHD组BVRT三种测验方试C、D、E正确分总分(4.9±2.0)低于对照组(7.7±1.4)(t总=8.00,P<0.01),而失误分总分(6.9±3.9)高于对照组(2.5±1.7)(t总=12.1,P<0.01)。②ADHD组完成A型TMT时间较对照组延长(94.6±51.2/56.9±23.7,t=4.61,P<0.05),所犯错误次数与对照组相比差异有显著性(0.3±0.8/0.1±0.3,Hc=4.46,P<0.05);ADHD组完成B型TMT时间较对照组延长(228.0±142.1/120.1±43.8,t=5.14,P<0.05),所犯错误次数较对照组明显增多(6.0±5.5/2.1±3.4,Hc=22.96,P<0.01)。③ADHD组SDMT得分低于对照组(65.2±29.3/97.9±18.8,t=6.65,P<0.01)。结论ADHD儿童存在视知觉、视觉记忆、视空间结构、视觉运动注意以及视觉扫描等视觉机能方面缺陷。
Objective To investigate the visual function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Three methods, Bentonvisual retention test (BVRT), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Symbol-DigitModalities Test (SDMT), were used to test 50 children with ADHD and 50 normal children Visual acuity, visual memory, visual spatial structure, visual motor attention and visual scanning. Results ① The correct score of C, D, E for BVHD in ADHD group was lower (4.9 ± 2.0) than that of control group (7.7 ± 1.4) (t = 8.00, P <0.01) ± 3.9) higher than the control group (2.5 ± 1.7) (t = 12.1, P <0.01). ② The duration of type A TMT in ADHD group was longer than that in control group (94.6 ± 51.2 / 56.9 ± 23.7, t = 4.61, P <0.05). The number of errors in ADHD group was significantly higher than that in control group (0.3 ± 0.8 / 0.1 ± 0.3 , Hc = 4.46, P <0.05). The duration of type B TMT in ADHD group was longer than that in control group (228.0 ± 142.1 / 120.1 ± 43.8, t = 5.14, P <0.05) ± 5.5 / 2.1 ± 3.4, Hc = 22.96, P <0.01). ③ SDMT score in ADHD group was lower than that in control group (65.2 ± 29.3 / 97.9 ± 18.8, t = 6.65, P <0.01). Conclusions Children with ADHD have defects in visual function such as visual perception, visual memory, visual spatial structure, visual motor attention and visual scanning.