为提高临床对特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症的认识，对收治的１７例患者进行了分析，发病前有上呼吸道感染９例，水痘１例。临床表现反复咳嗽１４例，咯血或痰中带血１１例，面色苍白１２例，胸部Ｘ线呈网状结节阴影６例。１７例患者均在痰或胃液查见含铁血黄素巨噬细胞。全部病例均长期误诊，分析误诊原因是症状不典型或对本病认识不足，认为早期诊断、治疗是改善预后的关键。 In order to improve the clinical understanding of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, 17 patients were analyzed. There were 9 cases of upper respiratory tract infection and 1 case of chickenpox before onset. Clinical manifestations of repeated cough in 14 cases, hemoptysis or sputum bloody in 11 cases, pale in 12 cases, chest X-ray reticular nodules in 6 cases. 17 patients were sputum or gastric fluid check hemosiderin macrophages. All cases were long-term misdiagnosis, misdiagnosis is the cause of atypical symptoms or lack of knowledge of the disease, that early diagnosis and treatment is the key to improving prognosis.