目的探讨慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)患儿血清中白细胞介素15(IL-15)及白细胞介素23(IL-23)表达水平与临床意义。方法选取2014年5月至2015年5月郑州市儿童医院收治的50例慢性再生障碍性贫血患儿作为观察组,另选取同期体检正常儿童50例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组儿童的血清IL-15、IL-23水平。结果观察组血清中IL-15为(26.02±2.6)ng/L与IL-23(156.69±10.96)ng/L,与对照组(21.34±1.62)ng/L和(146.20±10.31)ng/L相比,表达水平均有明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组血常规结果均低于对照组,两组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CAA患儿血清IL-15、IL-23水平与正常儿童相比有所升高,这提示血清IL-15、IL-23可能参与CAA疾病发生发展过程。 Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin 15 (IL-15) and interleukin 23 (IL-23) in children with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) and its clinical significance. Methods Fifty children with chronic aplastic anemia admitted to Children’s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from May 2014 to May 2015 were selected as the observation group. Another 50 children were selected as the control group. Serum levels of IL-15 and IL-23 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of IL-15 in the observation group were (26.02 ± 2.6) ng / L and IL-23 (156.69 ± 10.96) ng / L and 21.34 ± 1.62 ng / L and Compared with the control group, the expression levels were significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The observation group blood routine results were lower than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of IL-15 and IL-23 in children with CAA are higher than those in normal children, suggesting that serum IL-15 and IL-23 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAA.