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阿尔伯特·赫希曼是当代一位全球化的知识分子,其研究横跨经济学、政治学、社会思想史等领域,在国际上有着巨大影响。2013年,普林斯顿大学历史学教授杰里米·阿德尔曼出版了《入世哲学家:阿尔伯特·赫希曼的奥德赛之旅》长篇学术传记。作为这本传记的中译本导读,文章在第一部分先简述了赫希曼的坎坷、传奇和辉煌的生平。第二部分着重介绍了赫希曼在经济学领域的贡献,包括“不平衡增长”、“隐蔽之手”理论等。赫希曼本人还提出了“基尼系数”、“极化涓滴效应”、“隧道效应”以及“赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数”等概念。正是因为赫希曼有如此众多的理论贡献,他曾被人们誉为“50年来影响最大的发展经济学家”。第三部分回顾了赫希曼晚年著作和思想,着重介绍了他的最重要学术著作《激情与利益》、《转变与参与》和《反动的修辞》三部主要学术著作中的一些理论观点。赫希曼作为一个从人类社会观念史大背景中思考现实世界问题的当代思想家,他所留给世人的是关于人类社会如何运作的一些“伟大观念”。
Albert Hirschman is a contemporary global intellectual who studies in the fields of economics, political science and history of social thoughts and has a huge international influence. In 2013, Jeremy Adelman, professor of history at Princeton University, published a long academic biography of “A Philosopher of Accession to the World: The Odyssey of Albert Hirschmann.” As the introduction of the Chinese version of this biography, the first part of the article briefly describes Hirschman’s ups and downs, legend and brilliant life. The second part focuses on Hirschman’s contribution in the field of economics, including “unbalanced growth”, “hidden hand” theory and so on. Hirschmann himself also proposed such concepts as “Gini Coefficient”, “Polarization trickle down effect”, “Tunneling effect” and “Herfindahl-Hirschman Index”. It is because of Hirschman’s numerous theoretical contributions that he has been hailed as “the most influential development economist in 50 years.” The third part reviews Hirschman’s writings and thoughts in his later years, and highlights some of the theoretical points in his three major academic works, Passion and Interest, Transformation and Participation, and Reactionary Rhetoric. Hirschman, as a contemporary thinker who ponders the real-world issues from the historical background of the concept of human society, leaves behind the world some “great ideas” about how human society operates.