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【目的】分析综合医院心理科门诊儿童青少年的病种分布特征与变化趋势,为临床心理工作提供参考依据。【方法】选取2001-2010年间某综合医院儿童青少年心理门诊首诊资料完整者共1 666例,对年度病例数、年龄、性别等一般资料进行统计分析,以国际疾病分类标准ICD-10进行诊断分类,并列出各类别中前5位单病种及其构成比。【结果】精神类疾病前5位分别是F32(抑郁发作)170例(占本类病例数17.7%,占总病例数10.2%,下同)、F98(通常起病于童年和少年期的其它行为与情绪障碍)123例(12.8%,7.4%)、F31(双相情感障碍)116例(10.8%,7.0%)、F41(其它焦虑障碍)104例(10.8%,6.2%)、F20(精神分裂症)100例(10.4%,6.0%);心理问题前5位依次为抑郁情绪133例(18.9%,8.0%)、焦虑情绪112例(15.9%,6.7%)、家庭关系不良87例(12.4%,5.2%)、厌学81例(11.5%,4.9%)、网络成瘾75例(10.7%,4.5%)。【结论】心理门诊量呈上升趋势,16～18岁是重点人群。抑郁、焦虑仍是防治重点,家庭问题解决是减少儿童青少年心理行为问题发生率的有效路径。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and trends of disease distribution in psychiatric outpatient clinics in general hospitals and provide references for clinical psychology work. 【Methods】 A total of 1 666 cases of the first consultation of children and adolescents in a general hospital from 2001 to 2010 were selected for statistical analysis of the annual cases, age, gender and other general information, with the international classification of diseases ICD-10 Classification, and lists the top five in each category of single disease and its constituent ratio. 【Results】 The top five psychiatric diseases were F32 (depressive episode), 170 cases (accounting for 17.7% of the total cases, accounting for 10.2% of the total cases), F98 (usually other childhood and adolescent onset (12.8%, 7.4%), 116 cases (10.8%, 7.0%) of F31 (bipolar disorder), 104 cases (10.8%, 6.2%) of F41 (other anxiety disorder), F20 Schizophrenia) in 100 cases (10.4%, 6.0%). The top five psychological problems were depression in 133 cases (18.9%, 8.0%), anxiety in 112 cases (15.9%, 6.7% (12.4%, 5.2%), 81 (11.5%, 4.9%) were addicted to learning and 75 were internet addicts (10.7%, 4.5%). 【Conclusion】 Psychological outpatient volume is on the rise, with 16-18 years of age being the key population. Depression and anxiety are still the focus of prevention and treatment. Family problem solving is an effective way to reduce the incidence of mental and behavioral problems among children and adolescents.