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近些年来,随着氮肥用量的迅速增加,研究土壤中氮素转化和移动的目的也有所扩大,即不仅着眼于获得最高的产量或最大的收益,而且也注意到了氮素损失对环境质量的影响,例如硝态氮的淋失与水源的富营养化,以及反硝化产物N_2O对臭氧层的影响等。近十几年来,由于N~(15)技术的广泛应用,氮素转化问题的研究工作进一步深入,同时,化学动力学和系统分析概念的引入,结合计算技术的运用,也推动着定量预测土壤中氮素的转化、移动和损失,以及在作物生长期间土壤氮素的供应和作物对氮肥的反应等研究工作的不断发展,下面仅就我们所见到的近十几年来的一部分文献资料,做一综合介绍。
In recent years, with the rapid increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the purpose of studying nitrogen transformation and movement in the soil has also been expanded, not only to obtain the highest yield or maximum benefit, but also to note the effect of nitrogen loss on environmental quality Such as the leaching of nitrate nitrogen and the eutrophication of water, and the effect of denitrification product N 2 O on the ozone layer. In recent ten years, due to the extensive application of N15 technology, the research on nitrogen transformation has been further deepened. At the same time, the introduction of the concepts of chemical kinetics and system analysis combined with the application of computing technology has also promoted the quantitative prediction of soil The transformation, movement and loss of nitrogen, the supply of soil nitrogen during crop growth and the response of crops to nitrogen fertilizer. Only a few of the literature that we have seen in recent ten years, Make a comprehensive introduction.