桦木酸是一种羽扇豆烷型的五环三萜类化合物,因具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗HIV病毒特性而受到人们关注。桦木酸存在于多种植物中,可以用提取法得到,但由于桦木酸在植物中含量低,其主要来源是由合成法得到。许多桦木酸衍生物也具有抗肿瘤活性。本文介绍了桦木酸的提取与合成等制备方法,以及几种桦木酸衍生物的合成路线,并对桦木酸及其衍生物的抗肿瘤途径和机理进行了概述。 Betulinic acid is a lupine alkylated pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that has attracted much attention for its remarkable anti-tumor and anti-HIV properties. Betulinic acid is present in a wide variety of plants and can be extracted by extraction, but since betulinic acid is low in plants, its main source is derived synthetically. Many betulinic acid derivatives also have anti-tumor activity. This paper introduces the preparation of betulinic acid extraction and synthesis, as well as several synthetic routes of betulinic acid derivatives, and betulinic acid and its derivatives anti-tumor pathways and mechanisms are summarized.