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新红星苹果从接近成熟到采收前,往往发生相当数量的果实脱落,这种现象称“采前落果”。一般从采收前约1个月(果实初上色期)开始落果,集中上色期出现脱落高峰,严重年份落果率可达50％以上。落果伤残率高,不耐贮运,对产量、品质和商品价值都有极大影响。 一、采前落果的原因及影响因素 新红星苹果采前落果的直接原因是离层的形成与解离。随着果实成熟,在果梗的基部和结果枝之间形成离层(特殊的细胞层),由于离层细胞的解离而不能承受果实重量时即脱落。离层的形成,受内源激素的调控,及环境因子和栽培措施等因素的影响。
New star apple from near maturity to harvest before, often a considerable amount of fruit fall off, a phenomenon called “harvest before falling fruit.” Generally about 1 month before harvest (fruit primordial color) began to drop fruit, concentrated off the peak period of color, fruit loss in serious years up to 50%. Fruit drop disabling rate, intolerance storage, on the yield, quality and product value have a tremendous impact. First, the reasons and influencing factors before harvest Deciduous apple fresh plucked fruit is the direct cause of formation and dissociation from the layer. As the fruit matures, a layer of detachment (a particular layer of cells) forms between the base of the peduncle and the shoots of the fruiting branch, shedding when the fruit weight can not be sustained due to the dissociation of the detachment cells. The formation of stratification is influenced by the regulation of endogenous hormones, environmental factors and cultivation measures.