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退耕坡地是近年来黄土高原整治生态环境和控制水土流失的关键措施,但对于如何退耕,学术界存在多种不同观点,实践方面存在多种不同模式。以延安燕沟流域坡改梯为例,利用2005年延安站的逐日气象数据和燕沟流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等资料,借助WIN-YIELD软件,对不同地形坡度条件下坡改梯在作物增产、保水减沙效益以及燕沟流域坡改梯实践效果进行模拟、对比和实证分析。结果表明:地形坡度越大,坡改梯作物增产、保水和减沙效益越显著;坡度小于5°的坡耕地可以不进行梯田改造,坡度大于15°的坡耕地应及早实施坡改梯或退耕还林(草)。
Land reclamation is the key measure to rehabilitate the ecological environment and control soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau in recent years. However, there are many different views on how to convert land to cropland, and there are many different modes in practice. Taking the Yancao River Valley as an example, using the daily meteorological data of Yan’an Station in 2005 and the landform, soil and land use of Yancun watershed, using WIN-YIELD software, Yield increase, water and sediment reduction benefit as well as the practice of slope to change the practice of Yancun watershed simulation, comparison and empirical analysis. The results showed that: the larger the terrain slope is, the more yield the slope improved crops, the greater the benefits of water conservation and sediment reduction; slope slope less than 5 ° of slope farmland can not be transformed, slopes greater than 15 ° slope farmland should be implemented as soon as possible Also forest (grass).