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目的估算二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bOPV)损耗系数。方法收集全国各省(自治区、直辖市)自2016年5月1日开始实施脊灰疫苗转换至2016年11月30日bOPV的下发、使用和接种情况。采用方便抽样,从各省分别选择5个预防接种单位,调查bOPV损耗系数和影响因素。结果全国bOPV的测算损耗系数为1.79,各省在1.34(重庆市)-4.57(青海省)之间。共调查接种单位182个,测算平均损耗系数为1.53。日、周/旬、月接种单位的损耗系数分别为1.70、2.16、2.87(F=11.52,P<0.05)。日平均接种量和损耗系数呈负相关(r=-3.01,P<0.05)。结论 bOPV损耗系数较大,且受多种因素影响,应根据各地实际情况使用损耗系数进行疫苗用量预测。
Objective To estimate the loss factor of divalent poliovirus (poliovirus) attenuated live vaccine (bOPV). Methods The distribution, use and inoculation of bOPV from polio vaccine conversion in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) from May 1, 2016 to November 30, 2016 were collected. Using convenient sampling, five vaccination units were selected from each province to investigate the bOPV loss coefficient and its influencing factors. Results The calculated loss factor of bOPV in China was 1.79, and the provinces were between 1.34 (Chongqing) -4.57 (Qinghai Province). A total of 182 vaccination units were surveyed, with an average loss coefficient of 1.53. The loss coefficients of daily, weekly / late and monthly inoculation units were 1.70, 2.16, 2.87 (F = 11.52, P <0.05). The average daily inoculation volume loss coefficient was negatively correlated (r = -3.01, P <0.05). Conclusion The bOPV loss coefficient is large and influenced by many factors. The loss factor should be used to forecast the vaccine dosage according to the actual situation in different places.