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营养元素的迁移转化是生态学及环境科学研究领域的一个重要课题,土壤微生物活动产生的NOx气体作为大气中NOx的重要排放源之一,日益受到人们的关注。NOx在大气中具有很强的化学活性,通过参与大气中光化学反应而影响到其它温室气体的浓度,且在对流层O3和OH自由基的光化学反应中起着决定性作用,同时也是酸沉降中HNO3的生成源,在平流层NOx是消耗臭氧层的痕量气体之一。本文综合分析了土壤NOx产生及排放机理;影响土壤NOx排放的主要因素;土壤NOx气体排放通量的测定及其模型估算方法。并在此基础上,提出今后应把土壤微生物系统以及土壤硝化、反硝化作用机理作为以后的研究重点,运用同位素技术和各种模型手段进行较大范围的时空尺度上的连续观测研究。
The migration and transformation of nutrient elements is an important issue in the field of ecology and environmental science research. As one of the important emission sources of NOx in the atmosphere, the NOx gas generated by soil microbial activities is attracting more and more attention. NOx has a strong chemical activity in the atmosphere, affecting the concentration of other greenhouse gases by participating in the photochemical reactions in the atmosphere and plays a decisive role in photochemical reactions of tropospheric O3 and OH radicals. It is also a catalyst for the acid precipitation of HNO3 The source of formation, NOx in the stratosphere is one of the trace gases that deplete the ozone layer. This paper comprehensively analyzed the mechanism of soil NOx production and discharge, the main factors that affect the soil NOx emission, the determination of soil NOx emission flux and the model estimation method. On this basis, it is proposed that the mechanism of soil microbial system and soil nitrification and denitrification should be the focus of research in the future, and a large-scale continuous observation on the spatio-temporal scales should be carried out by using isotope techniques and various model instruments.