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为进一步提高向日葵的栽培技术及钾肥肥料利用率,试验选用油用型向日葵品种S31作为供试材料,采用田间试验和室内分析化验相结合的方法,研究了向日葵各器官对钾素的吸收、分配、积累规律及施钾肥效。结果表明:向日葵茎、叶的钾素吸收量呈现出相似的“S”型增长趋势,在出苗70d时(终花期)钾素吸收量达到最大值;花蕾的钾素吸收量呈直线上升趋势,在110d时(成熟期)达到最大值。向日葵钾素的日积累量呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在终花期;OPT处理钾素吸收速率变化幅度最大,最大值为0.194g/(株·d);CK处理钾素吸收速率变化幅度最小,最大值为0.112g/(株·d)。钾素在叶片中的分配以苗期最高为52%,到成熟期时下降到9%～16%;钾素在茎中的分配终花期时达最大值61%～66%。向日葵施用钾肥增产10%,每公斤钾增产向日葵7.17kg,施用钾肥的利用率为35.3%,每生产1t向日葵籽粒吸收K2O73.9kg。
In order to further improve the cultivation techniques of sunflower and the utilization rate of potash fertilizer, the experiment used the oil-type sunflower variety S31 as the tested material. The field experiment and laboratory analysis were used to study the absorption and distribution of potassium in various organs of sunflower , Accumulation of law and potassium fertilizer effect. The results showed that the potassium uptake of stems and leaves of sunflower was similar to that of “S” shape, and reached its peak at 70 days after emergence (final flowering stage). The potassium uptake of buds rose linearly The trend reached its maximum at 110 days (maturity). The daily accumulation of potassium showed a single peak curve and the peak appeared at the final flowering stage. The maximum change rate of potassium absorption rate was 0.194g / (plant · d) in OPT treatment, and the least change rate of CK in CK treatment , The maximum value is 0.112g / (strain · d). Potassium distribution in leaves at seedling up to 52%, to maturity decreased to 9% ~ 16%; potassium distribution in the stem at the end of flowering up to a maximum of 61% to 66%. Sunflower yield increased by 10% potassium, potassium per kilogram of sunflower yield 7.17kg, potassium utilization rate of 35.3%, each producing 1t sunflower kernels absorb K2O73.9kg.