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早期的地下工程,一般都要做衬砌或其它形式的支护,岩体被当作衬砌(或支护)上的荷载考虑。随着岩石力学的发展,对洞室周围的力学性质和应力分布的了解,判定岩体是否稳定和合理加固岩体都逐步成为可能。本文回顾了早期的与地下工程有关的岩石力学理论和1958年<三峡岩基专题研究组>的研究工作,以及该研究组对我国岩石力学在地下工程发展的影响。文中认为岩体初始应力和岩体(包括软弱面)的本构定律是地下工程中本质性内容,并由此对现代地下工程中的主要内容提出了我们的看法。
In the early underground projects, linings or other forms of support were generally used, and the rock mass was considered as a load on the lining (or supporting). With the development of rock mechanics, understanding the mechanical properties and stress distribution around the cavern, it is gradually possible to determine whether the rock mass is stable and reasonably reinforces the rock mass. This article reviews the early theory of rock mechanics related to underground engineering and the work of the “Three Gorges Rock Base Thematic Study Group” in 1958, and the influence of the research group on the development of underground rock engineering in China. The paper holds that the initial stress of rock mass and the constitutive law of rock mass (including soft surface) are the essential contents of underground engineering, and thus put forward our views on the main contents of modern underground engineering.