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交往理论、公共理性和偏好转换是协商民主的三大理论基础。哈贝马斯的交往理论是协商民主的主要理论渊源,认为人们通过理性的交往行为,能够互相理解、沟通,逐渐形成协商的共识。公共理性是协商民主的核心理念,它是指在公开的讨论过程中,人们能被讲求公共利益的道理所说服。协商民主还强调参与主体偏好的转换,其转换过程包括三个阶段:相切阶段、相交阶段和重叠阶段。
Communication theory, public reason and preference conversion are the three theoretical foundations of deliberative democracy. Habermas’s theory of communication is the main theoretical source of deliberative democracy, believing that people can understand and communicate with each other through rational interaction and gradually form consensus for consultation. Public reason is the core concept of deliberative democracy. It means that people can be persuaded by the principle of public interest in an open discussion process. Consultative democracy also emphasizes the conversion of the participant’s preferences. The conversion process includes three phases: the phase of tangency, the phase of intersection and the phase of overlap.