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环境中同时存在着多种重金属元素,其同时暴露产生的联合毒性与单独暴露的毒性效应可能不同,在体内的蓄积分布情况也可能有所差异。为探究重金属元素(汞、铬、砷、铅)对镉(Cd)在体内分布的影响,建立了大鼠在Cd暴露下的药代动力学(PBPK)模型,并进行了包括Cd在内5种重金属的联合毒性实验,比较了Cd单独给药与重金属混合物给药两种方式下大鼠肝脏、肾脏中的Cd浓度水平。毒性实验结果表明:高、中、低剂量组大鼠肝脏中Cd浓度分别为13.37,0.78和0.06μg·g-1;肾脏中Cd浓度分别为14.41,1.64和0.15μg·g-1。与对照组相比,暴露组中Cd浓度有显著升高,且不同剂量组之间均有显著性差异。同剂量Cd单独暴露的PBPK模拟结果显示:肝脏及肾脏中的Cd浓度水平落在联合毒性实验结果的浓度范围内,初步推断其他4种重金属的联合暴露并没有影响Cd在大鼠肾脏和肝脏中的浓度分布。
There are several heavy metal elements present in the environment. The combined toxicity resulting from simultaneous exposure may be different from the toxicity effect of exposure alone. The accumulation and distribution in the body may also vary. In order to explore the effect of heavy metal elements (mercury, chromium, arsenic and lead) on the distribution of cadmium (Cd) in vivo, a pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) of rats under Cd exposure was established. In this experiment, the Cd concentration in rat liver and kidney were compared between Cd alone and heavy metal mixture. Toxicity experiments showed that the Cd concentrations in the liver of rats in high, medium and low dose groups were 13.37, 0.78 and 0.06 μg · g-1, respectively. The Cd concentrations in kidney were 14.41, 1.64 and 0.15 μg · g-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, the Cd concentration in the exposed group increased significantly, and there was a significant difference between the different dose groups. PBPK simulation results with the same dose of Cd exposed alone showed that the concentration of Cd in the liver and kidney falls within the concentration range of the joint toxicity experiment. It is preliminarily concluded that the combined exposure of the other four heavy metals did not affect Cd in rat kidney and liver Concentration distribution.