为了解湖南省农村２岁以下儿童母亲的儿童保健知识、行为的现状，探讨影响因素及提高母亲保健知识 和能力的措施，随机抽取湖南省衡阳等４个县（区）８００例２岁以下儿童的母亲，进行问卷调查，用ＥＰＩ５软件统计分析。 结果显示：２岁以下儿童平均断奶月龄为１１．２３月，添加辅食月龄为８．９０月，添加牛奶者占３９．７５％，每月至少吃１次肉 类者占５１．７５％，吃１次蛋类者占６２．８８％；肺炎和腹泻知识的知晓率为６２．１２％和９３．３８％，护理正确率为６６．００％和 ７０．８８％；母亲的保健知识、行为与儿童的月龄、母亲的年龄和文化程度有关。湖南省农村儿童母亲的儿童保健知识缺乏， 要大力开展健康教育，提高母亲的保健意识和能力，促进儿童健康成长。 In order to understand the status quo of children’s health knowledge and behavior of mothers under 2 years old in rural areas of Hunan Province and to explore the influencing factors and measures to improve mothers’ health knowledge and ability, 800 children under 2 years old from 4 counties (districts) The mother, conducted a questionnaire survey using EPI5 software statistical analysis. The results showed that: the average age of children under 2 years of weaning age was 11.23 months, add complementary feeding age of 8. 90 months, accounting for 39.75% added milk, eat meat at least once a month accounted for 51.75% , 62.88% to eat eggs once; 62.12% and 93.38% of the knowledge of pneumonia and diarrhea, the correct care rate was 66.00% and 70.88%; mother’s health knowledge, Behavior and the child’s age, mother’s age and education level. Children lack knowledge of child health in rural mothers in Hunan Province. Health education should be vigorously carried out to raise the mother’s health awareness and ability and promote the healthy growth of children.