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目的分析阿坝州1958-2010年炭疽发病情况,找出发病规律和特点,探讨有效降低炭疽病发病的措施和方法。方法对53年来的炭疽疫情数据进行流行病学分析。结果 53年来累计报告炭疽病例1 349例,死亡21例,年均发病率3.47/10万、死亡率0.06/10万。全年均有病例报告,但集中在4～10月,3个牧区县的发病占报告总数的89.03%;职业以牧民为主,发病年龄集中在20～44岁。1958-2001年发病率在0.8/10万～2.52/10万之间,2002-2010年发病率在6.33/10万～12.66/10万之间。结论阿坝州1958-2001年炭疽发病较平稳,2002年起发病呈逐年上升趋势,且发病主要在牧区,应加强健康教育和畜牧业管理,做好疫点、外环境消毒和预防接种,有效控制牧区炭疽流行。
Objective To analyze the incidence of anthrax from 1958 to 2010 in Aba Prefecture and to find out the rules and characteristics of its occurrence and to discuss the measures and methods to effectively reduce the incidence of anthracnose. Methods The epidemiological data of anthrax outbreak in 53 years were analyzed. Results A total of 1 349 anthrax cases and 21 deaths were reported over the past 53 years, with an average annual incidence of 3.47 / lakh and a mortality rate of 0.06 / lakh. Cases were reported throughout the year, but the focus was on 4-10 months. The incidence of the three pastoral counties accounted for 89.03% of the total number reported. Herders were mainly herdsmen and their age of onset was 20-44 years old. The incidence rates between 1958 and 2001 ranged from 0.8 / 100,000 to 2.52 / 100,000, and the incidence rate was between 6.33 / 100,000 and 12.66 / 100,000 in 2002-2010. Conclusions The incidence of anthrax in 1958-2001 is relatively stable in Aba Prefecture. The incidence increased year by year in 2002 and the incidence was mainly in pasturing areas. Health education and animal husbandry management should be strengthened. Disinfection and vaccination of external environment should be well done and vaccination should be well controlled Pasture epidemic of anthrax.