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目的了解吉林省受艾滋病影响儿童青少年的家庭经济生活、心理、学习和医疗保健等方面情况,以及近年来对其开展的关怀支持活动效果,探讨有效措施和方法保证其健康成长。方法在两个感染者相对集中、属于艾滋病综合防治示范区的县区随机选取58名7~18岁受艾滋病影响儿童青少年进行调查。结果58名受艾滋病影响儿童青少年均生活在农村,父母双亡1人,单亡11人;父母均患有艾滋病9人,一方患有艾滋病37人。家庭年平均收入2 400元,低于当地的平均收入水平(3 000元)。45名(77.59%)在校学习。自述得知父母患有艾滋病后学习成绩没有发生变化25名(55.56%),学习成绩下降11名(24.44%),学习成绩不稳定6名(13.33%),学习成绩有所提高3名(6.67%)。19名(32.76%)存在心理压力。24人(41.38%)担心父母的病情,不愿让他人知道父母患有艾滋病。51人(87.93%)了解艾滋病预防知识。58名受艾滋病影响儿童青少年都希望没有歧视、平等的生活,能够得到基本的医疗保健。当地政府落实了国家“四免一关怀”政策,学校内外进行了反歧视教育、生活技能培训及关怀与支持活动。结论受艾滋病影响儿童青少年在生活、心理、学习、医疗保健方面需要社会的帮助,开展关怀与支持活动能够促进他们的健康成长。
Objective To understand the family economic life, psychology, learning and medical care of AIDS-affected children and adolescents in Jilin Province and the effect of their care support activities in recent years, and to explore effective measures and methods to ensure their healthy growth. Methods A total of 58 adolescents aged 7-18 years affected by AIDS were selected randomly from two counties with relatively concentrated infection. Results Fifty-eight AIDS-affected children and adolescents live in rural areas. One parent and two fatalities were killed and 11 others were deceased. Both parents and parents had AIDS, 37 and AIDS. The average annual household income is 2,400 yuan, which is lower than the average level of local income (3,000 yuan). 45 (77.59%) studied at school. Self-reported knowledge of 25 (55.56%), 12 (24.44%) in academic performance, 6 (13.33%) in academic performance, and 3 in academic performance (6.67 %). Nineteen (32.76%) were under psychological pressure. 24 (41.38%) were worried about their parents’ illness and would not let others know their parents had AIDS. 51 (87.93%) knew about AIDS prevention. Fifty-eight AIDS-affected children and adolescents hope that they will have access to basic health care without discrimination and equality. The local government implemented the national policy of “Four Frees and One Care” and conducted anti-discrimination education, life skills training and care and support activities both inside and outside the school. Conclusion Children and adolescents affected by AIDS need social help in life, psychology, learning and health care, and their care and support activities can promote their healthy growth.