目的了解公众对热浪健康防护相关措施的实际需求,分析居民对不同类型防护措施的偏好程度及相关原因,为我国开展热浪健康防护相关措施的工作提供必要的科学依据。方法于2013年在北京市城区A和郊区B开展基于条件价值法的居民对热浪健康防护措施的支付意愿问卷调查,采用多阶段分层抽样、入户调查形式,调查措施提供方为政府或市场时,居民对预警、市政、宣传、应急四项措施的支付意愿。结果共调查1 227人,其中城区A 636人,郊区B 591人;当防护措施的提供方为政府时,城区A和郊区B居民的支付率分别为31.6%和51.6%;当防护措施的提供方为市场时,城区A和郊区B居民的支付率分别为32.0%和47.4%。无论是政府还是市场提供热浪健康防护相关措施,两区居民的支付金额集中于40元/(人·年)。综合支付率与支付金额结果,两区居民对政府提供措施的支付意愿大于市场;居民对应急措施的支付意愿较高,对宣传措施的支付意愿较低。当措施的提供方为政府时,居民不愿意支付费用的原因选择最多的是“政府的责任,费用应该由政府承担”;当措施的提供方为市场时,居民不愿意支付费用的原因选择最多的为“市场应该免费为公众提供此项措施”;原因选择率位居第二的均为“收入问题”。结论社会亟需向公众提供热浪健康影响的防护相关措施。虽然优先考虑由政府提供相关措施,但也可吸纳市场上的机构来提供相似的服务。社会在向公众提供热浪健康防护相关措施时,应优先考虑提供加强市政工程和建设城市热浪应急场所等措施。 Objective To understand the public demand for heat wave health protection measures and to analyze the degree of preference of residents for different types of protection measures and related reasons so as to provide the necessary scientific basis for our country to carry out measures related to heat wave health protection. Methods A questionnaire survey on residents’ willingness to pay for heathealth protection based on conditional value method was conducted in urban area A and suburban B of Beijing in 2013. The method was multi-stage stratified sampling and household survey. The survey was provided by the government or the market When the residents of the early warning, municipal, publicity, emergency four measures of willingness to pay. Results A total of 1 227 people were investigated, including 636 in urban areas and 591 in suburban areas. When the protective measures were provided by the government, the pay rates for residents in urban areas A and B were 31.6% and 51.6% respectively. When the provision of protective measures When the market is square, the payout rates of urban area A and suburban B residents are 32.0% and 47.4% respectively. Whether it is the government or the market to provide heat wave health protection related measures, two districts residents pay the amount concentrated at 40 yuan / (person · year). As a result of the comprehensive payment rate and the payment amount, residents in both districts are more willing to pay for the measures provided by the government than the market. Residents’ willingness to pay for emergency measures is higher and their willingness to pay for propaganda measures is lower. When the provider of the measure is the government, the reason why the residents are unwilling to pay the most is “the responsibility of the government, the cost should be borne by the government.” When the provider of the measure is the market, the reason why the residents are unwilling to pay the fee Select the most for the “market should be free to provide the public with this measure ”; reasons for the second highest rate of selection are “income problems ”. Conclusion There is an urgent need in the community to provide public protection measures related to the health effects of heat waves. Although priority is given to measures provided by the government, similar services may also be provided by market institutions. When providing relevant measures for the health protection of heat waves to the public, the society should give priority to providing such measures as strengthening municipal works and building an emergency place for urban heat waves.