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Objective To detect the serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels between the patients with frequently repeated infection (repeaters) and others (non-repeaters) in different phase of infection.Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect serum G-CSF levels in 50cases (32 non-repeaters and 18 repeaters ) with acute phase of infection. Serum G-CSF levels were detected in recovery phase in 10 cases. Results Serum G-CSF levels were significantly higher ( 1429. 97 ± 506. 43ng/L) in 32 non-repeaters with acute infection. There was a positive correlation between white blood cell count (WBC) and serum G-CSF level ( r =0. 396, P ＜0. 05). There was also a positive correlation between absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and serum G-CSF level ( r =0. 346,P ＜0. 05). Serum G-CSF levels were higher (98. 62 ±56. 40ng/L ) in 18 repeaters with acute infection. It was showed that serum G-CSF levels were significantly higher in non-repeaters than in repeaters with acute phase of infection ( P ＜0. 001 ). In the meanwhile, the body temperature was significantly higher in non-repeaters than in repeaters with acute infection (37. 95 ±0.14℃ vs 36. 91 ±0. 13℃ , P ＜0. 001 ). There were no significant differences in age, WBC, ANC, type of bacterial, liver function and renal function ( P ＞0. 05). Serum G-CSF levels in recovery phase of the two groups were below the sensitivity of the assay ( ＜60 ng/L). Conclusion It is suggested that application of recombinant G-CSF may be useful for the patients with repeated infection.