目的 了解肾脏病患者治疗饮食不遵医情况。方法 采用自编肾脏病患者饮食遵医调查问卷表，对 108例 肾脏病患者的饮食不遵医情况进行调查。结果 有63例不能按医嘱进食，占调查人数的 58.33%。结论 年龄、文化程度、疾病类型、病程长短、家庭经济水平，患者对 治疗饮食的了解程度，是影响治疗饮食不遵医行为的主要原因。 Objective To understand the non-compliance of treatment for patients with kidney disease. Methods The dietary compliance questionnaire for patients with kidney disease was used to investigate the dietary noncompliance of 108 patients with kidney disease. Results There were 63 cases that could not be eaten by doctors, accounting for 58.33% of the investigated population. Conclusions The age, level of education, type of disease, length of illness, family economic level, and patient’s understanding of dietary treatment are the main reasons that affect treatment diets for non-compliance.