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目的了解南通市工业企业电焊作业场所劳动者噪声暴露水平和生产性噪声对电焊工听力影响。方法采用整群抽样的方式随机抽取924名电焊工,通过调查问卷、工作场所噪声强度现场检测和纯音听力检查的方式进行调查。结果电焊工作业场所噪声强度检测超标率87.9%。纯音听力检查示,高频听力损失检出率48.3%,语频听力损失检出率11.6%;4 000 Hz听力损失检出率最高;男女工人高频听力损失检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.52,P<0.05);男女语频听力损失检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着工龄增加,语频听力损失检出率呈增高趋势(趋势χ2=13.09,P<0.05);不同工龄高频听力损失检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.39,P<0.01)。结论用人单位应加强噪声危害宣传教育,合理安排工作时间,切实做好职业健康监护工作,防治职业性噪声聋。
Objective To understand the noise exposure level of workers in welding workplaces of industrial enterprises in Nantong City and the influence of production noise on the hearing ability of welders. Methods A total of 924 welders were randomly sampled by cluster sampling method. The questionnaires were surveyed, the site noise intensity in the workplace and pure tone hearing tests were conducted. Results Welder work place noise intensity exceeded the standard rate of 87.9%. Pure tone audiometry showed that the detection rate of high frequency hearing loss was 48.3% and that of audio frequency hearing loss was 11.6%; the detection rate of hearing loss was the highest at 4 000 Hz; the detection rate of high frequency hearing loss between male and female workers was statistically significant ( χ2 = 7.52, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among men and women (P> 0.05). With the increase of seniority, the detection rate of audiological hearing loss showed an increasing trend (trend χ2 = 13.09, P <0.05). The detection rate of hearing loss in different seniority was statistically different (χ2 = 24.39, P <0.01). Conclusion The employer should strengthen publicity and education on noise hazards, arrange working hours reasonably, conscientiously do a good job in occupational health guardianship, and prevent occupational noise from deafness.