伤寒是发展中国家的重要公共卫生问题之一。据世界卫生组织统计,全世界每年约有1700万的伤寒病例,约600 000伤寒患者死亡。随着抗菌药物在临床上的广泛应用,细菌产生耐药不可避免,耐药菌株迅速在世界范围蔓延,且呈逐年增加趋势,甚至发生耐药株大流行或暴发。耐药伤寒的临床特点是症状重,热程长,并发症多,治疗困难,使病死率回升,为此有必要不断对抗伤寒治疗尤其是耐药性伤寒的治疗进行重新评估。 Typhoid fever is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, there are about 17 million typhoid cases in the world each year and about 600,000 typhoid deaths. With the widespread use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice, bacterial resistance is inevitable. Drug-resistant strains are rapidly spreading around the world, increasing year by year. Even drug-resistant strains may have pandemic or outbreaks. The clinical features of drug-resistant typhoid fever are severe symptoms, long thermal history, multiple complications, difficult treatment and an increase in mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to continually re-evaluate the treatment of typhoid fever, especially resistant typhoid fever.