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目的对血吸虫病传染源控制措施实施效果分析,为进一步完善传染源控制措施和巩固防治效果提供科学依据。方法于2007-2014年在湖北省选择8个行政村为研究点。每年开展钉螺调查,人群感染情况调查,耕牛感染情况调查。所有研究村均按照防治要求,实施以机械代替耕牛耕作措施。结果 2007-2014年,研究点的钉螺面积每年均维持在488 hm2左右。活螺平均密度呈波浪型变化,高点超过0.60只/0.1 m2;钉螺感染率和感染性钉螺平均密度均呈快速下降趋势,2007年与2014年相比,下降幅度为100%,2012-1014年连续3年未查获感染性钉螺。人群感染率从3.52%(2007年)下降至0.48%(2014年),下降幅度为86.40%。耕牛感染率自2007年5.59%下降至2012年1.02%,随后连续2年均为0,2013和2014年,研究点发现饲养耕牛900头次。结论通过实施传染源控制措施,人群、耕牛和钉螺的血吸虫感染率均呈显著下降。但是,由于钉螺孳生环境依然存在,钉螺密度未明显下降,并存在耕牛,仍然存在血吸虫病高传播风险。
Objective To analyze the effect of controlling the source of schistosomiasis infection and provide a scientific basis for further improving the control measures of infection source and consolidating the control effect. Methods In 2007-2014, 8 administrative villages in Hubei Province were selected as the research points. An annual snail investigation, the investigation of the population infection, cattle infection survey. All research villages are in accordance with the prevention and control requirements, the implementation of machinery instead of cattle farming practices. Results From 2007 to 2014, the snail area at the research site maintained at about 488 hm 2 per year. The mean density of live snails showed a wave pattern with a high point of more than 0.60 /0.1 m2. The infection rates of snails and the average density of infected snails showed a rapid decline. Compared with 2014, the average density of live snails decreased by 100%. 2012-1014 Infected snails were not detected for three years in a row. The infection rate dropped from 3.52% (2007) to 0.48% (2014), a decrease of 86.40%. Cattle infection rate dropped from 5.59% in 2007 to 1.02% in 2012, followed by two consecutive years of 0,2013 and 2014, respectively. Conclusion Through the implementation of source control measures, the prevalence of schistosomiasis among populations, cattle and snails decreased significantly. However, due to the snail breeding environment still exists, snail density did not significantly decline, and the presence of cattle, there is still a high risk of schistosomiasis transmission.