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为了寻求豫南雨养区适宜的土壤耕作制度,秸秆处理方式设连续4年秸秆覆盖还田与秸秆清除2个处理,土壤耕作方式设4年间隔深松、4年免耕、3年深松+1年免耕和3年免耕+1年深松4个处理,共8个处理组合,研究秸秆处理和基本土壤耕作方式对夏玉米生育后期叶片衰老代谢及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖还田和连续3年深松基础上免耕、连续3年免耕基础上深松处理,可以提高玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量,延缓衰老进程,提高花后干物质生产量、经济系数和籽粒产量。秸秆覆盖还田比不盖还田产量平均提高10.68%;3年深松后1年免耕比4年深松平均增产2.60%;3年免耕后1年深松比4年免耕增产4.21%;秸秆覆盖还田结合3年深松后1年免耕比4年免耕秸秆不还田增产23.32%。多因素方差分析表明,秸秆处理方式和耕作方式及其两者的互作对产量都有显著影响。
In order to seek the suitable soil tillage system in rain-fed area of south Henan, the straw treatment was set up for two consecutive years with straw mulching and straw removal. Soil tillage was set at 4 years intervals with subsoiling, 4 years of no tillage and 3 years of subsoiling + 1 year of no-till and 3 years of no-till + 1 year of deep-loosening 4 treatments, a total of 8 treatments were conducted to study the effects of straw treatment and basic soil tillage on leaf senescence and grain yield of summer maize. The results showed that straw mulching and returning to deep subsoiling for three years in succession could significantly reduce chlorophyll content, activities of SOD, POD and CAT, decrease MDA content and delay the growth of maize leaves Aging process, increasing post-anthesis dry matter production, economic coefficient and grain yield. The straw mulching and returning to straw yield was increased by 10.68% on average compared with that of straw mulch. The no-till after 1-year maturity in 3 years was 2.60% more than that of 4-year mulching and the average yield was 2.21% after 3 years of no-tillage and that of no-till after 4 years %; Straw mulching returning to field combined with three years of deep plowing after 1 year no-tillage than 4 years no-tillage straw does not return to increase 23.32%. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that straw treatment and farming methods and their interaction had a significant effect on the yield.