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修建水坝是为了蓄水满足灌溉和供水的需要,以及保护下游人口、土地、财产免受洪水影响。任何水坝溃决都会对下游人民生命财产安全及其自身功能构成威胁。通过对坝体溃口的分析研究,发现在现有模型和所使用的校准数据中存在明显的参数问题,为此提出了一种新的溃坝模型,该模型能模拟溃口形成和存在的风险,较现有模型更为可靠,并运用水力学、泥沙输移和土力学原理,引入了基于连续冲刷和坝体不稳定性特点模拟溃口侧向发展的新方法。该模型不仅能模拟均质坝、非均质坝等发生漫顶或管涌的溃坝情况,模型中还反映了坝体状态和土壤参数的概率分布。
The dam was constructed to meet the needs of irrigation and water supply for impoundments and to protect the downstream population, land and property from the floods. Any dam failure will threaten the life and property safety of downstream people and their own functions. Through the analysis and study of the dam breach, it is found that there are some obvious parameter problems in the existing model and the calibration data used. A new dam dam model is proposed to simulate the formation and existence of the breach. Which is more reliable than the existing models. By using the principles of hydraulics, sediment transport and soil mechanics, a new method of simulating the lateral development of the breach is introduced based on the continuous erosion and the instability of the dam. The model can not only simulate the situation of flood damping, such as homogeneous dam and non-uniform dam, but also the probability distribution of dam status and soil parameters.