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现代坦克是一种技术复杂的装甲战斗车辆,坦克技术集中反映了当代科技的最新成就。从坦克构成上来说,包括武器系统、推进系统、防护系统、通信系统、电气系统以及其它特种设备和装置。其中,推进系统中的动力装置是坦克的核心装置。而坦克发动机更是动力装置中的核心部件,是坦克核心中的核心,是坦克的心脏和原始动力。在坦克装甲车辆12～18立方米的内部空间,动力装置约占40%,发动机体积约占动力装置体积的35%。发动机的高度直接影响着坦克的高度和总质量。高单位体积功率是衡量坦克机动性的主要标志,也是对坦克动力装置的基本要求。发动机单位体积功率越大,越便于将动力装置布置在车体的有限空间内。在一定储油量条件下,发动机经济性越好,行驶里程越长,战役机动性越好。这也是为什么人们要在不断提高坦克发动机动力性能的同时又要尽量减小其体积的原因。坦克诞生至今,其发动机的发展大体上经历了“汽油机时代”、“柴油机时代”、“柴燃双雄时代”三大发展阶段。现代坦克大多采用柴油机作为动力。发动机按其结构形式,可分为旋转式和往复式两种,现代坦克装甲车辆上采用的发动机主要是往复活塞式柴油机和旋转式燃气轮机。
The modern tank is a technically complex armored combat vehicle, tank technology focused on the latest achievements of contemporary science and technology. From the composition of the tank, including weapons systems, propulsion systems, defense systems, communications systems, electrical systems and other special equipment and devices. Among them, the propulsion system in the power plant is the core of the tank device. The tank engine is more power plant in the core components, is the core of the tank core, is the heart of the tank and the original power. In the interior space of 12 to 18 cubic meters of tank armored vehicles, the power plant accounts for about 40%, and the engine volume accounts for about 35% of the power plant’s volume. The height of the engine directly affects the tank’s height and overall mass. High unit volume power is the main measure of tank mobility, but also the basic requirements of the tank power plant. The greater the power per unit volume of the engine, the easier it is to place the powerplant within the limited space of the car body. In a certain amount of oil reserves, the better the engine economy, the longer the mileage, the better the mobility of the campaign. This is one of the reasons why people want to minimize the size of their tanks while continuously improving their engine performance. The birth of the tank so far, the development of its engine generally experienced three stages of “gasoline engine era”, “diesel engine era”, “diesel-burning Hutch era”. Most modern tanks use diesel as a motivation. Engine according to its structure, can be divided into two types of rotary and reciprocating, modern tank armored vehicles are mainly used reciprocating piston diesel engine and rotary gas turbine.