在双语者心理词典表征结构的问题上一直存在许多争论。本文利用Stroop范式和颜色命名方法对日本留学生心理词典的表征结构进行了研究,主要考察了第二语言熟练度及母语和目的语相似性这两个因素对双语者心理词典表征结构的影响,并对三种心理词典表征结构模型(词汇联结模型、语义中介模型、多通路模型)进行了分析比较。结果显示:(1)由于日汉双语中既包含相似性因素,又包含不相似性因素,因此,日本留学生心理词典中两种语言的表征结构具有复杂的模式;(2)目的语熟练程度影响日文汉字和中文汉字的联结关系,低汉语水平的日本留学生采取的是词汇联结模式,高熟练者采取的是多通路模式;(3)目的语熟练程度对日文假名和中文汉字的联结模式不产生影响,都倾向于语义中介模式;(4)日本留学生在色块命名中,用母语的反应时间比用汉语快,但没有汉语水平的差异。 There has been a lot of debate over the structure of bilingual lexicons. In this paper, we use the Stroop paradigm and color nomenclature to study the characterization structure of Japanese students’ mental lexicons, and mainly study the influence of the second language proficiency and the similarities between the native language and the target language on the bilingual lexicon’s mental lexicon. Three types of mental lexical representation structure model (lexical connection model, semantic mediation model, multi-pass model) were analyzed and compared. The results show that: (1) Because both Japanese and Chinese bilinguals contain both similarities and dissimilarities, the representational structures of the two languages ​​in the Japanese International Students’ Psychological Dictionary have complex patterns; (2) the proficiency of the target language Japanese kanji and Chinese kanji, the low level of Chinese students to take the vocabulary link mode, highly skilled take multi-channel mode; (3) the target language proficiency to Japanese kana and Chinese characters are not linked mode Influence, tend to semantic intermediation model; (4) Japanese students in the naming of the block, the response time in mother tongue faster than in Chinese, but no difference in Chinese level.