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人们在考虑性别角色和性别分工时,往往把人的生理性别与文化性别混为一谈,以为人的文化性别现象是自然地附着在生理性别基础之上。其实,文化性别与生理性别之间并无必然的联系,在性别歧视严重的时代,文化性别基本上是由文化教条——法律的和习俗的构成的(参阅拙著《女性主义文学》,辽宁大学出版社1987年版),例如“三从四德”。 人的生理性别是基本恒定的,人类学家证实,人的遗传特征的明显改变;大约需要5万年的时间;而人的文化性别则依时代与民族的不同相距甚远。显而易见,今天的中国女性形象,与100年前相比,共同之处很少。变化的是女性的文化性别而不是生理性别。
People consider the gender roles and gender division of labor, often the human gender and cultural gender confused, that human cultural gender phenomenon is naturally attached to the basis of the gender. In fact, there is no necessary link between cultural gender and physical gender. In the era of severe gender discrimination, cultural gender is basically composed of cultural dogma - law and custom (see my feminist literature, Liaoning University Press 1987 Edition), such as “three from four virtues.” Human physiology and gender are basically constant, anthropologists have confirmed that the obvious changes in the genetic characteristics of human beings; it takes about 50,000 years; and human cultural gender, however, is far away from the differences between nations and ethnic cultures. Obviously, today’s image of Chinese women has little in common with 100 years ago. The change is the female’s cultural gender rather than the physiological gender.