亚瑟·叔本华是德国伟大的悲观主义哲学家,他一生都在探讨人生问题,认为世界的本质是意志,而意志却是永远无法满足不了的,人因此才会痛苦。西方哲学精神受叔本华悲观主义思想影响很大,这种影响又在不断地争论中得以深化和发展。本文主要在从叔本华悲观主义哲学产生的背景、主要思想内容及对人生的启示三方面来初步了解叔本华哲学思想。 Arthur Schopenhauer, Germany’s great pessimist philosopher, spent his whole life discussing life’s problems. He believed that the nature of the world is will and that the will can never be met. People therefore suffer. The Western philosophical spirit is greatly influenced by Schopenhauer’s pessimistic thinking, which has been further deepened and developed in constant controversy. This essay primarily introduces Schopenhauer’s philosophical thought from three aspects: the background of Schopenhauer’s pessimistic philosophy, the main ideas and the inspiration to life.