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观测器设计是船舶动力系统至关重要的一个环节，而观测器的参数选取是否合适对动力定位系统的性能将产生很大的影响。建立了船舶非线性无源观测器，为了快速获得精确的观测器参数，提出利用粒子群算法对观测器参数进行寻优，寻优过程中利用观测器的估计偏差作为粒子群的适应度函数。文章最后对参数优化的观测器进行了仿真验证，仿真结果表明优化后的观测器具有较小的估计偏差且能改善动力定位系统的性能。“,”Observer is important for dynamic positioning (DP) ship, and appropriate parameters of observer can improve the performance of DP. The parameters of the observer are optimized off-line using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in this paper, in order to obtain the accurate parameters of the nonlinear passive observer. The estimated error of observer is changed as the object function of PSO. Finally, the method is verified effective and can improve the performance of DP by the computer simulation.