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1978年,以安徽省凤阳县小岗村为代表的中国农村实行了家庭联产承包责任制。获得经济自主权的农民要求享有更多的民主权利。l982年修订的《宪法》明确提出:在农村要建立村民委员会,代替生产大队。各地积极探索农村实行民主管理的途径。1983年,党中央发出《关于实行政社分开建立乡政府的通知》,废除了人民公社,全国普遍建立了乡、镇政府和村委会,为实行村民自治扫清了障碍。1987年全国人大常委会通过《村民委员会组织法(试行)》,大大推进了农村基层民主化进程,此后10多年间,农村基层民主达到前所未有的高度。1998年11月4日,全国人大常委会九届五次会议以97%的赞成票正式通过《村民委员会组织法》,历经11年,终于去掉“试行”二字,使农民当家作主终于有了法律保障。1998年12月11日,《甘肃省村民委员会选举办法》经甘肃省第九届人民代表大会常务委员会通过施行。成为全国最早制定民主选举村委会实施办法、最早推行民主选举村委舍的省区之一。1999年4月9日,全国村民自治工作经验交流会在郑州召开,全国95个
In 1978, China’s rural areas, represented by Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County, Anhui Province, implemented the household contract responsibility system. Farmers who gain economic autonomy claim more democratic rights. The Constitution, as amended in 1982, clearly stated that village committees should be established in rural areas instead of production brigades. All localities should actively explore ways of implementing democratic management in rural areas. In 1983, the CPC Central Committee issued the “Notice on Implementing the Establishment of Township Governments Separately by Government and Government,” abolishing the People’s Commune, setting up townships and townships and village committees throughout the country and clearing the way for the implementation of villagers’ autonomy. In 1987, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Organic Law of Villagers Committees (Trial Implementation), which greatly advanced the process of democratization at the grass-roots level in rural areas. Since then, grass-roots democracy in rural areas has reached unprecedented levels in more than 10 years. On November 4, 1998, the Fifth Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress Standing Committee formally approved the Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committee with 97% of the votes. After 11 years, it finally removed the word “pilot” and made the peasants the masters of their own affairs Finally, there is legal protection. On December 11, 1998, the Measures for the Election of Villagers Committees in Gansu Province were passed by the Standing Committee of the Ninth People’s Congress of Gansu Province. It became one of the earliest provinces in the country to formulate a democratic election village committee implementation method and earliest implement the democratic election of village committees. April 9, 1999, the national villager autonomy experience exchange was held in Zhengzhou, the country 95