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【目的】分析商州地区1 200例5岁以下小儿下呼吸道感染患儿的病原学检测结果,为临床诊治提供参考依据。【方法】对商州地区1 200例5岁以下下呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道分泌物进行病原学鉴定和药敏试验,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。【结果】<3个月的下呼吸道感染的患儿病原检测阳性率最高,高达75.9%(309/407),病原检测的阳性率随患儿年龄增大逐渐降低。3岁以下患儿以感染呼吸道合胞病毒最常见。患儿细菌感染以肺炎克雷伯菌最常见,肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌次之。肺炎球菌对于头孢类药物以及非常规使用的抗生素诸如利福平、氯霉素、万古霉素等敏感性好。肺炎克雷伯菌以及大肠埃希菌对于亚胺培南均有很高的敏感性。【结论】病毒学检测、细菌学检测以及细菌药敏试验对于下呼吸道感染的诊断及治疗均有着重要的意义。
【Objective】 To analyze the etiological test results of 1,200 children under 5 years of age with pediatric lower respiratory tract infection in Shangzhou area, providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. 【Method】 Etiological identification and drug susceptibility tests were performed on respiratory secretions of 1,200 infants with lower respiratory tract infection in the area of Shangzhou, and the results were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The positive rate of pathogen detection in children with lower respiratory tract infection <3 months was the highest, reaching 75.9% (309/407). The positive rate of pathogen detection decreased with age. Children under 3 years of age are most commonly infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial infection in children with the most common, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Streptococcus pneumoniae for cephalosporins and unconventional antibiotics such as rifampicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and other sensitive. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are highly sensitive to imipenem. 【Conclusion】 Virological tests, bacteriological tests and bacterial susceptibility tests are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.