在坚船利炮造就的西力东渐过程中 ,古老文明孕育的“华尊夷卑”的华夷思想在晚清逐渐蜕变为抵御侵略的制夷思想。由于客观条件的变化 ,不同阶段晚清政府的主导制夷策略又有所不同 ,不仅形成了“以商制夷”、“剿夷抚夷”、“师夷制夷”和“以夷制夷”的这样一个制夷思路 ,而且折射出清政府由夜郎自大到极度自卑的变化过程 During the course of the eastward transition of the West with the help of the gunned artillery, the idea of ​​Hua Yi of “China honoring inferiority and inferiority” nurtured by ancient civilizations gradually transformed itself into a system of thinking against the aggression in the late Qing Dynasty. Due to the change of objective conditions, the tactics adopted by the government of late Qing Dynasty at different stages are different from each other, not only forming the forms of “control by commercial system”, “extermination by the masses” A rule of thought, but also reflects the Qing government from Yelang arrogance to extremely low self-esteem changes