定 义 乙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)引起的病毒性疾病过程。这一病毒在世界范围内区域性流行,通过急性或慢性感染个体和无症状携带者的所有体液而散播,主要通过肠道外途径,如输血或共用注射针头传播。经口传播很少,性接触传播经常发生。卫生保健工作者由于有针刺损伤的危险,属 Definition Hepatitis B is a viral disease process caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus is endemic worldwide and spreads through all body fluids of individuals with acute or chronic infections and asymptomatic carriers, primarily through parenteral routes such as transfusions or shared needles. Oral spread is rare and sexual contact is frequent. Health care workers are at risk of needling injury