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长江是我国第一大河,世界第三长河,干流流经青、藏、川、滇、渝、鄂、湘、赣、皖、苏、沪九省二市,全长6300千米,流域面积180万平方千米,约占全国总面积的1/5。长江流域气候温暖、雨量充沛、支流湖泊众多。经过几千年的开发建设,长江流域已成为我国农业、工业、商业、文化教育和科学技术等方面最发达的地区之一。长江流域的淡水资源量占中国的40％;生物多样性极其丰富,长江连接青藏高原和东海,具有无可替代的生态功能。然而,长江流域的生态环境日渐恶化,严重地制约了流域经济社会的可持续发展。一、突出的环境问题 1.长江上、中游毁林开荒,水土流失严重有关资料表明,长江流域中、上游森林植被已遭到严重破坏,流域生态环境日趋恶化。如今宜宾以上的长江三大干支流中,金沙江和大渡河两岸的森林已所剩无几,岷江和嘉陵江流
The Yangtze River is the largest river in China and the third longest river in the world. Its main stream runs through the provinces of Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai and has a total length of 6,300 km and a catchment area of 180 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1/5 of the total area of the country. The Yangtze River has a warm climate, abundant rainfall and many tributaries and lakes. After several thousand years of development and construction, the Yangtze River basin has become one of the most developed areas in agriculture, industry, commerce, culture, education and science and technology in China. Freshwater resources in the Yangtze River Basin account for 40% of China’s freshwater resources; biodiversity is extremely rich, and the Yangtze River connects the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the East China Sea, with irreplaceable ecological functions. However, the ecological environment in the Yangtze River is deteriorating day by day, seriously restricting the sustainable economic and social development in the basin. I. Outstanding Environmental Issues 1. Deforestation and reclamation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River have serious soil erosion The data show that the vegetation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River has been severely damaged and the ecological environment in the basin has deteriorated day by day. Nowadays, among the three major tributaries of the Yangtze River above Yibin, there are few remaining forests on both banks of the Jinsha River and Dadu River. The Minjiang River and the Jialing River