在面向“社会”的意义上,晚明王学的最大特色在于有意识地“接引”民众,但其在走向民众的同时仍不免存在自别于民众的心态,由此使得王学表现出“雅”“俗”相互交织的倾向。这种“雅”“俗”并存的社会性格其实为儒家精神所固有,清代以降心学的式微并不意味着士大夫文化中“雅”“俗”之间的紧张也随之同归于寂,而是以一种不同于晚明心学的形式表现出来。一方面,其表现形式的不同反映了明清之际儒学的转变,另一方面,由于这一内在紧张的持续存在,也隐然呈现出明清儒学的连续性。 In the sense of “social ”, the most prominent characteristic of the late Ming school was that it consciously “induced” the public, but it still could not avoid the mentality of being different from the common people while walking towards the public. Show “Ya ” “vulgar ” intertwined tendencies. This kind of social character coexisting with “elegant” and “vulgar” is actually inherent in the Confucian spirit. The dynastic style of lowering the mind in the Qing dynasty does not mean that there is a difference between the literati culture of “Ya” and “vulgar” Tension also goes hand in hand with silence, but in a different form from the late Ming dynasty. On the one hand, the difference in its manifestations reflects the change of Confucianism during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the other hand, due to the continuous existence of internal tension, the continuity of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing dynasties also clearly appeared.