晚清衰世,人们抵御灾荒的能力严重萎缩,频仍严重的灾荒对晚清山东乡村人口的生存和发展造成严重威胁和损害,导致人口大量死亡和迁徙,性别比失衡,身体素质和文化素质降低,“灾民意识”严重,预示和加速了清王朝的覆亡。 In the late Qing Dynasty, the people’s capacity to resist the famine suffered a serious decline. The frequent and severe famine posed a serious threat and damage to the survival and development of the rural population in Shandong in the late Qing Dynasty. As a result, population deaths and migration were imminent, the sex ratio was unbalanced, and the physical and cultural qualities were reduced , “Disaster awareness” serious, predicts and accelerates the fall of the Qing Dynasty.